A pivotal aspect of the perestroika reform was the imperative realignment of economic performance. Gorbachev and his proponents asserted that the restructuring of production relations, property dynamics, the establishment of a socialist market, pricing reforms, the advancement of cost accounting, and the steadfast implementation of the principle of distribution based on contribution were essential prerequisites. Furthermore, they emphasised that the transition of enterprises to self-management and self-financing was indispensable for propelling the Soviet economy into a qualitatively new state. In this chapter, our objective is to comprehend the repercussions of Gorbachev’s economic reforms on the space industry and science. Specifically, we will focus on examining the influence exerted by the predominantly political and economic facet of perestroika on the execution of the space program.