Confronted on one hand with the challenge of transitioning to self-financing and compelled to operate under new socio-economic conditions on the other, the leaders of the rocket and space sector had to devise new strategies and approaches for engaging in the international market—essentially making a leap into the unknown. They envisioned a transition similar to other industries, towards self-financing, thereby achieving greater autonomy in their commercial endeavours, including the sale of products and services to Western countries. They had to operate under the harsh reality of a “fly-or-fall” world, paraphrasing the famous proverb. This chapter will examine the efforts of the Soviet space industry elite to enter the global market for space goods and services.