The purpose of this chapter is to explore the main visions and approaches to reforming the space field during perestroika. By identifying the features of continuity in Gorbachev’s policy in relation to previous periods, the aim is to analyse the changes and their connections within the general provisions of the “new thinking” policy. On the one hand, Gorbachev was tasked with continuing the legacy of his predecessors by actively addressing key issues such as space-based disarmament and the Reagan-era Strategic Defence Initiative (SDI) program. He also had to navigate the cultural and historical legacy of the space sector within the broader framework of state policy. On the other hand, the era of change introduced its own imperatives. Gorbachev began by advocating for enhanced international cooperation, notably proposing the establishment of the World Space Organisation. Domestically the liberalisation of the entire sector was envisioned by reformers as a pathway to increased industrialisation and commercialisation.