The chapter analyses the influence of ESG criteria on capital structure decisions, with a focus on the balance between debt and equity capital from a sustainability perspective. The link between ESG risks and financial risks is examined, highlighting how the integration of the former strengthens the company’s ability to face external shocks and regulatory variables. Particular attention is paid to corporate resilience as the outcome of sustainable financial policies, capable of reducing the cost of capital and improving the perception of solidity by investors and creditors. The ESG rating is discussed not only as a reputational tool but as a strategic lever to access more favourable financing conditions. The text proposes an integrated approach to corporate finance, in which capital structure choices are also shaped by environmental, social, and governance objectives. Finally, a critical reflection is offered on the long-term effects of ESG integration on the economic and competitive sustainability of the company, underlining the importance of a conscious governance oriented towards lasting value.