This book starts with the question of how best to understand mind, reason, and culture, as well as their relationship and the question of what is the value of examining the subject of mind, reason, and culture in our epoch. The historical, comparative studies of the philosophical discourse of mind, reason, and culture in this book have demonstrated that the subject of mind, reason, and culture is the most enduring subject of philosophy and of great importance in our epoch; a path of approaching the subject has been opened but not taken by philosophers in the global history of philosophy: the cosmopolitan path. In philosophy, East and West, universalist, modernist, culturalist, multiculturalist, postmodernist and pragmatist approaches have costly insights but also fatal flaws. They are not intellectually, ethically, morally, and politically competent and plausible in our epoch. But they all point to the cosmopolitan path as the plausible, and promising path.