California has experienced significant increases in scale, frequency and intensity of wildfires, posing unprecedented threats to communities across the state. As a result, it has become vital to develop analytical tools, risk reduction strategies and operational plans that enhance wildfire resilience and co-existence. One approach is the use of vegetation treatment, which may involve prescribed burns, strategic fuel breaks, mastication and other interventions. A challenge is selecting the most impactful areas for such treatment, where viable projects must generally be contiguous and manageable in size. Spatial optimization modeling has much potential for addressing this selection problem, enabling the formalization of the planning process as well as offering approaches for identifying the best solutions possible. However, challenges remain as the underlying geographical detail and spatio-temporal characteristics are formidable. This paper highlights spatial optimization and geographic analytics to support vegetation treatment planning. Application results demonstrate the importance and challenges for optimization to address project area identification.