Established in 1996 as a multilateral forum for advancing international cooperation in the Arctic, the Arctic Council (AC) is an intergovernmental body for addressing social and environmental challenges in an increasingly important region of the world. The AC provides a vital link between governmental and non-governmental groups, but the complexities of international law in the Arctic represents a growing issue for effective multilateral governance. Considering the complex and overlapping issues affecting Arctic people, land, water, and resources that require effective cooperation involving state and non-state actors, this chapter investigates whether the AC’s existing structures function adequately in the promotion and advancement of multilateral governance. Although the AC has successfully identified and addressed emerging issues through collaborative science-based initiatives, ongoing issues in the Arctic created by climate change and resource competition require improvements to the Council’s transparency and commitment to local inhabitants. A motivated and rejuvenated AC has an opportunity to affect positive change in the Arctic while serving as a model for future governance bodies and international scientific organizations.