Most reported methods or materials for producing porous three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds have considerable obstacles, such as insufficient mimicry of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) structure, dependence on unsustainable production techniques, and restricted functional efficacy. Polysaccharides, such as cellulose, represent a viable alternative, characterized by their abundance, renewability, biodegradability, and biocompatibility, while also exhibiting structural attributes similar to those of the ECM. Cellulose-based materials, including cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), nanocrystals (CNCs), and bacterial nanocellulose (BC), are distinguished by their capacity to create highly porous and interconnected 3D aerogels. These structures are suitable for biomedical applications and can be produced using sustainable, scalable, and economical freeze-drying methods. The properties of cellulose aerogels can be improved by including other materials such as nanoparticles and advanced materials. This book chapter highlights the current progress in creating 3D cellulose-based aerogels using advanced methods for tissue engineering applications, such as electrospinning, 3D printing, and freeze-drying. It discusses essential topics such as scaffold design, fabrication, and their applications from both in vitro and in vivo assessments. These advancements highlight the promise of cellulose-based 3D scaffolds as adaptable and efficient biomaterials for the next generation.