Extending along almost one-third of the world’s coastlines, kelp forests rank among the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth, supporting a wealth of ecosystem goods and services. Despite their importance, kelp forests are declining in many regions, fuelling interest in restoration as a tool to mitigate losses. Green gravel approaches—broadly defined as techniques involving ex situ seeding/rearing of juvenile kelp on substrates that can be out-planted at restoration sites—offer an efficient and scalable means of restoring kelp forests in some areas and have potential applications for other marine ecosystems facing similar pressures. This chapter synthesizes recent research on the application and efficacy of green gravel approaches, highlighting opportunities and challenges for their implementation. Key considerations include characterizing and addressing environmental conditions at restoration sites, identifying genetically appropriate and resilient source material, establishing robust metrics for evaluating restoration success, working within regulatory frameworks, and expanding the scope, scale and funding of restoration efforts. The importance of multidisciplinary collaboration and technological advances is also emphasized. Sustained financial support is critical to restoration efforts going forward, with promising opportunities emerging from sectors within the expanding blue economy alongside novel funding schemes. Most importantly, despite its potential, restoration alone cannot reinstate kelp forests, as many regions of kelp loss are facing prolonged and intensifying stressors. Instead, a multifaceted approach that combines local restoration with proactive management/conservation, while also addressing broader climate change and other stressors is essential. Only in this way can we halt kelp forest declines and secure their associated services into the future.