Sustainability assessment in the agro-food supply chain requires a comprehensive approach that integrates economic, environmental, and social dimensions. This study systematically examines 90 research articles published between 2018 and 2024 to analyze sustainability indicators through a multiple capital framework. The review classifies these indicators into 11 types of capital, including natural, social, human, financial, and intellectual, providing a structured evaluation model. The results reveal that natural capital, which encompasses water management, energy consumption, and climate action, is most often taken into account. In addition, the involvement of stakeholders, particularly small-scale farmers, plays a crucial role in the development of sustainability strategies. In particular, recent studies introduce numerical indicators, underlining the growing role of technology in sustainability assessment. Despite the growing attention paid to sustainability indicators, gaps remain in our understanding of the interactions between multiple capitals. This study contributes to the development of a structured framework that improves decision-making and policy formulation in agro-food supply chains.