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This paper provides a comprehensive case study of the two significant cyber-compromises in 2024–2025: a significant data breach at PowerSchool compromises the data of over 72 million students and educators; and a record- setting 3.8 Tbps DDoS attack on critical infrastructure. The paper reveals systemic weaknesses of cloud-based in education and fragility of current infrastructure on volumetric cyberattacks through forensic investigation and threat actor profiling analysis. When you examine key pressures, including third-party supply chain exposure, the theft of credentials using tricked infostealer malware and increasingly sophisticated DDoS attack vectors. It also assesses current mitigation methods, such as zero-trust architecture, AI-powered anomaly detection and decentralized DDoS scrubbing networks. This survey analyses these disruptive events to learn from them and derives lessons that can help improve both education systems and national infrastructure resilience against wicked cyber threats.

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Anatomy of Modern Cyber Threats: Case Studies on the PowerSchool Breach and DDoS Attacks in Critical Infrastructure

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Bhushan Bhimrao Chavan,
  • Vishalkumar Langaliya,
  • Ashish Dhone

摘要

This paper provides a comprehensive case study of the two significant cyber-compromises in 2024–2025: a significant data breach at PowerSchool compromises the data of over 72 million students and educators; and a record- setting 3.8 Tbps DDoS attack on critical infrastructure. The paper reveals systemic weaknesses of cloud-based in education and fragility of current infrastructure on volumetric cyberattacks through forensic investigation and threat actor profiling analysis. When you examine key pressures, including third-party supply chain exposure, the theft of credentials using tricked infostealer malware and increasingly sophisticated DDoS attack vectors. It also assesses current mitigation methods, such as zero-trust architecture, AI-powered anomaly detection and decentralized DDoS scrubbing networks. This survey analyses these disruptive events to learn from them and derives lessons that can help improve both education systems and national infrastructure resilience against wicked cyber threats.