The emergence of multiple social, political, and economic crises in the twenty-first century and frustrations with liberal and Enlightenment promises, while looking at the same time for significance of their existence severely generates scholarly and everyday doubts about traditional frameworks of belonging, such as the nation, the state, democracy, or identity and associated concepts of territoriality, sovereignty, and the individual. Social sciences and the humanities have responded to these existentialist circumstances through several macro- and micro-theories that build on temporalized rather than essentializing ontologies to capture these social and political transformations. The contributors to this volume refer to these kinds of theories and discuss them looking at different empirical cases, using a plethora of methodological approaches from ethnography, to literature analysis, to policy document analysis, or discourse analysis. The individual chapters are thus guided by critiquing traditional and identifying anti-essentialist, however, inclusive narratives of belonging that help to turn being into becoming, time into temporality, history into historicity, development into genealogy, and space into liminality. Their critical engagement with identity and its replacement with notions of belonging leads, as a second common core of this collection, to considerations of the contribution of belonging as relational form of sociation to peaceful social and political relations.