Wastewater streams have drawn more attention recently as a potential alternate source of nutrients including phosphorous and nitrogen. It is possible to isolate and recover valuable forms of essential elements, such as Nitrogen and Phosphorous, from wastewater streams using appropriate treatment procedures. However, the effectiveness of water purification and nutrients recovery depends on the selective exclusion or recovery of selected solutes, such as micropollutants, precious elements, and minerals from wastewater. However, this process is both difficult and essential. An efficient treatment procedure for the selective exclusion of nutrients from wastewater streams is necessary to mitigate this problem. Firstly, in this chapter we discuss the basic principal concepts, functioning, and uses of nanofiltration in the recovery and selective removal of important nutrients from various wastewater streams, including phosphorus, nitrogen, and trace elements. Next, we go into the material characteristics of nanofiltration membranes, the function of pressure-driven procedures, and how operating parameters affect separation effectiveness. This chapter explores the challenges and opportunities of using highly selective nanofiltration membranes in realistic environmental applications. It highlights the existing information gap that needs to be addressed. Bridging this gap will guide future research aimed at enhancing environmental sustainability through more advanced and adaptable nanofiltration membrane separation. Finally, this chapter concludes with a discussion of the difficulties and potential paths ahead for improving the sustainability and effectiveness of nanofiltration in the selective removal of nutrients from wastewater.