An Event-Related Potential BCI Speller Using a Wearable, Single-Channel EEG Headset with Electrodes on the Forehead
摘要
We evaluate the feasibility of controlling an event-related potential (ERP) matrix speller using a commercially available, wearable, EEG headset with single-channel electrodes placed on the forehead in a headband configuration. Despite the suboptimal recording location for detecting typical visual ERP components, we conducted experiments with 11 right-handed healthy participants. Time-domain analysis revealed significant differences between attended and non-attended conditions in 6 participants, as determined by cluster-based permutation testing. A separate decoding analysis using linear discriminant analysis identified above-chance single-trial accuracy in a different subset of 6 participants. The highest decoding accuracy reached 52.5% with 12 repetitions, below the 80% usability threshold. These results show that limited ERP-based communication is possible using forehead single-channel EEG, although current performance is insufficient for practical use. We outline signal processing and interface improvements that could enhance the utility of low-cost, wearable ERP-based BCIs.