The mechanical performance of the textile composite depends on the adhesion between fiber and matrix. Fibers are the main load-bearing elements, while the matrix binds the fibers and transfers the loads among the fibers. Low surface energy and poor wettability of the fibers make fiber-matrix bonding challenging. Fiber surface treatments are one of the most used methods to increase fiber-matrix interface bonding. In this chapter, various surface treatments have been reviewed to improve the mechanical properties of the textile composites. These methods are broadly classified into chemical and physical methods. Chemical methods involve the use of chemical agents to modify the fiber surface by cleaning the fiber surface or by introducing functional groups. The examples are acid, alkali, and silane coupling treatments. Physical methods enhance adhesion without changing the bulk properties of the fibers by improving mechanical interlocking between fiber and matrix. The chapter tells how crucial it is to choose the right surface modification method depending on the type of fiber, matrix compatibility, and intended composite application. Overall, the chapter highlights how crucial it is to optimize fiber surface treatment in order to create high-performance textile composites. It also urges more research into improving these techniques and comprehending the interfacial mechanisms that control the behavior of composites.