In 1946, during the last phase of colonial rule in India, the report of the Bhore Committee was published in four parts. It declared that a country has to take responsibility for the health of its people. In reality, however, the level government expenditure on health care had been reduced. Private health services assumed a pivotal role in place of governmental ones. The government of India is now emphasizing an insurance-centric healthcare system rather than the development of public health. The government is engaged with curative medicine rather than the prevention of diseases. This chapter uncovers the reasons for India’s inability to achieve the goal of ‘Health for All.’ In this context, the health policy, of the union government of India in general and of the state government of West Bengal in particular, has been outlined. A comparison is also made between the health system of West Bengal and the health system of other states of India.