This chapter is dedicated to developing the foundations of a far-side pictorial pragmaticsfar-side pictorial pragmatics as applied to photography, with the aim of understanding how speech acts can be performed through the use of photographs. To this end, we begin by examining some of the core ideas in John AustinAustin, J.’s speech act theoryspeech act theory and how they have been extended to the domain of pictures by David NovitzNovitz, D. and Rae LangtonLangton, R.. NovitzNovitz, D. explores how pictures can be used to perform assertiveassertive act speech acts. LangtonLangton, R., in turn, analyzes pornographypornography in connection with speech act theory and demonstrates how photographs can be used to subordinate and silence women. Her perspective broadens our understanding of the ways in which photographs may function as instruments for authoritative speech acts. I will then argue that photographs can be related to speech acts in distinct ways. The chapter also offers a detailed analysis of John SearleSearle, J.’s taxonomy of speech acts, as the basis for a classification of photographic speech acts into five categories: assertiveassertive act, directivedirective act, commissivecommissive act, expressiveexpressive act, and declaratorydeclaratory act. Particular emphasis is placed on the idea that the direction of fitdirection of fit between photograph and world varies depending on the type of speech act being performed. Finally, we turn to Paul GriceGrice, P.’s theory of conversational maxims to explore how these principles can be adapted to the domain of photographic communicationphotographic communication, thereby allowing us to develop the notion of photographic implicatures.

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Far-Side Pictorial Pragmatics Applied to Photography

  • Guilherme Ghisoni da Silva

摘要

This chapter is dedicated to developing the foundations of a far-side pictorial pragmaticsfar-side pictorial pragmatics as applied to photography, with the aim of understanding how speech acts can be performed through the use of photographs. To this end, we begin by examining some of the core ideas in John AustinAustin, J.’s speech act theoryspeech act theory and how they have been extended to the domain of pictures by David NovitzNovitz, D. and Rae LangtonLangton, R.. NovitzNovitz, D. explores how pictures can be used to perform assertiveassertive act speech acts. LangtonLangton, R., in turn, analyzes pornographypornography in connection with speech act theory and demonstrates how photographs can be used to subordinate and silence women. Her perspective broadens our understanding of the ways in which photographs may function as instruments for authoritative speech acts. I will then argue that photographs can be related to speech acts in distinct ways. The chapter also offers a detailed analysis of John SearleSearle, J.’s taxonomy of speech acts, as the basis for a classification of photographic speech acts into five categories: assertiveassertive act, directivedirective act, commissivecommissive act, expressiveexpressive act, and declaratorydeclaratory act. Particular emphasis is placed on the idea that the direction of fitdirection of fit between photograph and world varies depending on the type of speech act being performed. Finally, we turn to Paul GriceGrice, P.’s theory of conversational maxims to explore how these principles can be adapted to the domain of photographic communicationphotographic communication, thereby allowing us to develop the notion of photographic implicatures.