Marine-coastal ecosystems provide vital services, with fisheries playing a crucial role in ensuring food security, alleviating poverty, and generating employment opportunities in rural areas. For many coastal families, small-scale fishing is their primary source of food and income. However, in regions of the Gulf of Mexico, these ecosystems have been severely degraded by pollution, wastewater discharges, and the expansion of oil and gas extraction. This chapter estimates the economic value of the food provisioning ecosystem service derived from self-consumption fishing in two coastal communities of Tabasco, Mexico. Located near the Pantanos de Centla Biosphere Reserve, these communities are highly dependent on small-scale fisheries and increasingly exposed to the impacts of oil industry expansion and climate change. Data were collected from October 2017 to May 2018 through self-consumption records, local market prices, and interviews with fishers. Results show that food provision accounts for about 31% of monthly per capita income, highlighting the central role of subsistence fishing in household well-being and community resilience. As a baseline before the Dos Bocas refinery construction (August 2019), this study emphasizes the urgent need for sustainability pathways, ones that recognize fishers’ rights, ensure access to healthy ecosystems, and integrate community voices into environmental governance and coastal development planning.