The extractive exploitation of shrimp fishing and oil in the Sonda de Campeche over the past 45 years (1979–2024), which has generated not only the coincidence of two socio-ecological food and energy systems critical to the social and productive economy at the national and regional levels, but also a dispute in the process of appropriation of this maritime territorial space. This paper aims to analyze the key issues at the center of the dispute over maritime territory between fishing and oil activities in the Sonda de Campeche. Through a quantitative and qualitative characterization of various spatiotemporal stages, the paper explains the territorial reconfiguration since the energy reform (2013) as part of the transnationalization of the territory, as well as the intensification of displacement and exclusion of fishing activities that began at the start of the twenty-first century. The paper concludes by noting that the oil energy model will continue to displace the socio-ecological fishing system in the region. In contrast, the dispute between the two systems is likely to intensify with the concession of maritime territory to transnational companies, despite the fact that the energy policy of the Fourth Transformation government is defined as sovereign.