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The hyper-arid Arabian Peninsula is among the world’s most climate-vulnerable regions, facing escalating threats from rising temperatures, water scarcity and extreme weather events. This chapter examines the region's climate adaptation readiness through a comprehensive assessment of vulnerability and preparedness using long-term Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN) indices (1995–2022). The analysis reveals divergent adaptation capacities across countries, with nations like the UAE and Qatar exhibiting high readiness and low vulnerability, while Yemen remains acutely vulnerable and least prepared. Particular attention is given to the Water–Energy–Food (WEF) nexus, where rapid urbanization, groundwater depletion and extreme weather events undermine regional sustainability. The chapter critically evaluates national adaptation strategies, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)-linked performance and integrated policy frameworks such as Saudi Arabia’s National Water Strategy 2030 and the Saudi Green Initiative. Agricultural adaptation measures, including climate-resilient crops, smart irrigation and vertical farming, are highlighted as viable pathways toward food security. Emphasizing transboundary cooperation, inclusive governance and climate-smart innovations, the chapter calls for multi-scalar and anticipatory approaches to resilience-building in this geopolitically significant region. The analysis underscores the need for transformative adaptation, nature-based solutions and regional collaboration to secure a sustainable and climate-resilient future for the Arabian Peninsula.

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Building Climate Resilience in the Hyper-Arid Arabian Peninsula: Policy Pathways, Adaptation Measures and the Water-Energy-Food Nexus

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Mir Khursheed Alam,
  • Umra Rashid,
  • Aarifah Jan

摘要

The hyper-arid Arabian Peninsula is among the world’s most climate-vulnerable regions, facing escalating threats from rising temperatures, water scarcity and extreme weather events. This chapter examines the region's climate adaptation readiness through a comprehensive assessment of vulnerability and preparedness using long-term Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN) indices (1995–2022). The analysis reveals divergent adaptation capacities across countries, with nations like the UAE and Qatar exhibiting high readiness and low vulnerability, while Yemen remains acutely vulnerable and least prepared. Particular attention is given to the Water–Energy–Food (WEF) nexus, where rapid urbanization, groundwater depletion and extreme weather events undermine regional sustainability. The chapter critically evaluates national adaptation strategies, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)-linked performance and integrated policy frameworks such as Saudi Arabia’s National Water Strategy 2030 and the Saudi Green Initiative. Agricultural adaptation measures, including climate-resilient crops, smart irrigation and vertical farming, are highlighted as viable pathways toward food security. Emphasizing transboundary cooperation, inclusive governance and climate-smart innovations, the chapter calls for multi-scalar and anticipatory approaches to resilience-building in this geopolitically significant region. The analysis underscores the need for transformative adaptation, nature-based solutions and regional collaboration to secure a sustainable and climate-resilient future for the Arabian Peninsula.