This chapter explores policy-driven large-scale ecological restoration initiatives, including the Grain-for-Green Program, the Three-River Sources Program, and the Natural Protection Reserve of the Yellow River Delta. While these projects have been mentioned briefly in previous chapters, this chapter provides a comprehensive examination of their environmental, social, and economic impacts. It also discusses stakeholder participation in watershed management, collaboration between government and farmers, the balance between short-term and long-term development goals, and the environmental and economic benefits and conflicts associated with watershed management.