This chapter provides an overview of the regulatory framework of the World Trade Organisation (‘WTO’) and the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (‘CETA’) between the European Union (‘EU’) and Canada. Both systems aim to promote free trade and reduce trade barriers, limiting the sovereignty of states to take measures that fall under their respective agreements. While the WTO Agreements do not explicitly regulate genetically modified organisms (‘GMOs’), there are lengthy discussions of how to best regulate GMOs under the WTO regime which came up especially in the early 2000s when the WTO Dispute Settlement Body was concerned with a dispute concerning the EU’s regulation of GMOs at that time. Since Canada was also involved in this dispute and since the different regulation of GMOs in Canada and the EU is constantly debated, CETA has established a dialogue process for biotech-related issues between the EU and Canada.