The second chapter offers a scientific introduction to the basics of genetics and the functioning of genome editing techniques as well as an overview of their potential applications, especially in agriculture and the risks associated with the application of genome editing techniques. While genome editing techniques, particularly the CRISPR-Cas system, have great potential to significantly transform and improve global agriculture, the use of genome editing techniques also involves risks, the long-term effects of which have not yet been fully researched. However, the European Commission has adopted the risk assessment by the European Food and Safety Authority that plants modified using targeted mutagenesis and cisgenesis techniques do not pose more risks than plants modified by conventional breeding methods.