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Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) can provide a comprehensive assessment of the anatomy, function, and hemodynamics. However, it is an operator-dependent technique and requires expertise in image acquisition and interpretation. In this chapter, we will review the basic principles of TTE and explain how to perform Adult TTE and obtain standard windows and views, what are the expected normal and abnormal findings in each imaging planes and standard echocardiographic report items to be considered.

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Transthoracic Echocardiography, Standard Windows and Echocardiographic Views

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Richard Palma,
  • Anita M. Kelsey,
  • Anita Sadeghpour,
  • Azin Alizadehasl,
  • Maryam Forouzesh

摘要

Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) can provide a comprehensive assessment of the anatomy, function, and hemodynamics. However, it is an operator-dependent technique and requires expertise in image acquisition and interpretation. In this chapter, we will review the basic principles of TTE and explain how to perform Adult TTE and obtain standard windows and views, what are the expected normal and abnormal findings in each imaging planes and standard echocardiographic report items to be considered.