This chapter examines the enduring cultural legacy of the Middle Ages and its reinterpretation from the Renaissance through to the contemporary era of globalization. It traces how successive historical periods have each reimagined the medieval past to serve their own ideological and cultural needs. Initially dismissed by Renaissance humanists as a dark and regressive period, the Middle Ages were gradually reclaimed, particularly in England, where the Reformation and the rise of Anglicanism prompted a strategic revival of Anglo-Saxon heritage. Antiquarians and philologists such as Matthew Parker and George Hickes played key roles in institutionalizing this recovery. The chapter further explores how Romantic nationalism and Victorian imperialism cemented medievalism’s emotional and ideological appeal. In the twentieth century, this fascination was transformed under the precepts of high fantasy and spirituality throughout the works of authors and scholars like J. R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis. It then evolved again under mass media and globalization, leading to a standardized, Anglo-American representation of the medieval that now dominates global popular culture.