Examining the Arab Spring through an interdisciplinary lens, this chapter highlights the crucial role of the social sciences in understanding complex political and social transformations. It contends that the Arab uprisings cannot be attributed to isolated triggers such as political dissatisfaction or socio-economic grievances but must be seen as emergent phenomena shaped by the dynamic interplay of entrenched authoritarianism, economic marginalisation, technological innovation, and global systemic forces. By analysing underlying structures, mechanisms, and causal powers, the chapter elucidates how multi-level interactions produced diverse outcomes, from regime collapse to prolonged civil wars, reshaping the regional and global order. This analysis underscores the importance of the social sciences in providing nuanced, theory-driven insights that inform more effective responses to instability and systemic crises, fostering a more inclusive and resilient global framework.