This chapter examines the evolving legal landscape surrounding psychological injuries in the fire service, highlighting the intersection of mental health, disability law, and occupational safety. Firefighters face repeated exposure to traumatic events that can lead to PTSD, depression, anxiety, and, in some cases, suicide. This chapter explores how federal laws, such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA), interact with state workers’ compensation statutes, disability pensions, and line-of-duty death designations to shape how departments manage psychological injuries. Topics include PTSD presumptions, return-to-work standards, fitness-for-duty evaluations, duty-related disability claims, and emerging case law. The chapter also addresses the ethical and procedural obligations of departments to avoid retaliation, safeguard confidentiality, and engage in the interactive accommodation process. By integrating legal precedents with psychological best practices, fire agencies can mitigate risk, ensure compliance, and uphold the dignity and health of their personnel.