This chapter examines the emerging field of fire service psychology, highlighting the multifaceted roles and cultural context of contemporary firefighters and emergency medical providers. Despite their exposure to significant occupational stressors and evolving responsibilities in public health and community risk reduction, fire service personnel are not formally recognized as a special population by the American Psychological Association. The chapter argues that this omission creates systemic barriers to effective psychological care and contributes to the lack of specialized training, policies, and ethical guidance for clinicians working with this group. Through historical context, operational analysis, and interdisciplinary comparison, particularly with law enforcement and military psychology, the chapter highlights the need for formal recognition, culturally competent care, and a unified professional framework. The accompanying case analysis assignment prompts students to conceptually integrate legal, ethical, and organizational considerations, advocating for structural reform and deeper professionalization within the field of fire service psychology.