This chapter delves into the pathology of the liver and hepatobiliary system, covering structural, metabolic, and neoplastic disorders. Key topics include liver cirrhosis, both macronodular and micronodular, and its association with conditions such as nonalcoholic liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Metabolic abnormalities such as hereditary hemochromatosis (HHC), hemochromatosis, and hemosiderosis are explored, highlighting their systemic effects and diagnostic markers such as Mallory’s hyaline. The chapter discusses vascular complications, including hepatic infarction, nutmeg liver, and caput medusae, linking them to systemic and cardiac conditions such as cardiac sclerosis. Biliary pathologies, such as cholestasis and cholangiocarcinoma, are analyzed in relation to their clinical significance. Hepatic neoplasms, including hepatic adenoma, are examined for their diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Inflammatory conditions, such as viral hepatitis, are explored, emphasizing their impact on liver function. Through histological and clinical correlations, this chapter provides a comprehensive understanding of liver and hepatobiliary diseases.