This chapter delves into the pathology of the breast, highlighting benign and malignant conditions, along with inflammatory and infectious processes. Benign tumors such as fibroadenoma and intraductal papilloma are discussed with emphasis on their histopathological characteristics and clinical significance. The spectrum of breast malignancies is thoroughly examined, including infiltrating ductal carcinoma, the most common type, and rarer forms such as Paget’s disease of the breast and inflammatory breast cancer. The chapter addresses diagnostic tools, such as the mammogram and surgical interventions, including mastectomy, in the management of breast pathology. Rare but critical conditions such as Phyllodes tumor and complications such as cellulitis and gangrene of the breast are also analyzed. Through an integration of pathological features, imaging findings, and therapeutic approaches, this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of breast diseases, emphasizing early detection and treatment strategies for improved outcomes.