Social, emotional, and behavioral (SEB) functioning in youth represents a critical factor that has the capacity to both promote and/or disrupt learning in school and affect outcomes across important life domains. Given that cultural factors are shown to influence SEB functioning, the role of SEB functioning in shaping academic and life outcomes among emergent bilingual youth is particularly complex and requires additional attention. Further, while emergent bilingual youth are highly resilient, these students already face a myriad of challenges associated with the difficult process of learning and navigating school in a second language that can further interrupt SEB functioning. The complex interplay between SEB functioning, social-cultural factors, and academic learning highlights the critical need for culturally informed assessment of SEB functioning in emergent bilingual youth. As such, the present chapter aims to (a) provide culturally informed frameworks for understanding and contextualizing SEB functioning, (b) address culturally responsive methods for assessing SEB functioning, and (c) discuss important linguistic and cultural considerations for interpreting data when working with emergent bilingual youth.