Reimagining the Suburban Ideal: Forging Multiracial Community in Three American Suburbs
摘要
This article explores emerging “multiracial/multiethnic” suburban ideals in Park Forest, Illinois, and San Marino and Pasadena, California, in the years after 1960. American suburban ideals evolved through history, beginning with the white elite ideal in the 1850s, then alternative ideals expressed by working-class whites, Black Americans, Latinos, and Asian Americans over the twentieth century. While the story of diversifying suburbia after 1970 contained many instances of conflict and resistance to change, there were examples of suburbs that embraced their emergent ethno-racial integration. Park Forest transitioned from its segregated white roots to the integration of African Americans and Asians. Residents adopted a “managed integration” approach, while also supporting policies and social practices that fostered interracial community building. The elite suburb of San Marino transitioned from white to white-Asian after 1980. The Chinese Club played a key role in promoting positive interethnic relations, by backing the formation of a Human Relations Committee, voluntarism at the schools, and social gatherings like “Dinners for Eight.” In Pasadena, the Garfield Heights Neighborhood Association was an exemplar of interracial and interclass community formation. These were suburban success stories in an era of diversification and may represent models for America’s suburban communities into the future.