The acquisition of accurate information regarding population distribution and mobility is imperative for various aspects associated with urban and regional planning and management. This chapter explores the use of mobile positioning data, derived explicitly from mobile phone usage, as a means to improve the accuracy of population distribution estimates and, more importantly, to explain patterns of population movement between different cities and regions. The chapter explains the basic methodological procedures for obtaining data on mobile operators and sheds light on their inherent limitations. Examples are included to demonstrate the analytical possibilities of using mobile positioning data to extract new information that is not obtainable through traditional analysis. Attention is given to the compilation of advanced cartographic visualizations that communicate the results of the analyses in a visual, accurate, and effective manner. These examples are based on exploring the Olomouc region in Czechia and highlight maps that intricately depict the spatial and temporal distribution of the population and incorporate fundamental mobility patterns. This approach allows for a more nuanced and dynamic understanding of population movements, thereby increasing the effectiveness of planning and decision-making processes in urban and regional contexts.