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This paper presents a blockchain-based framework designed to address the critical challenges of transparency, ethical sourcing, and sustainability within the organic products supply chain. By integrating smart contracts, encrypted Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), and the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), our system aims to enhance data integrity and provide comprehensive traceability from the point of origin to the end consumer. We evaluated the application of six encryption algorithms—RSA, RC4, DES, ChaCha20, Blowfish, and AES—to identify the most suitable option for balancing security with operational efficiency. Our analysis extended to assessing the system’s adaptability and performance across four EVM-compatible blockchain platforms: Binance Smart Chain, Polygon, Fantom, and Celo, focusing on essential supply chain activities such as data recording, NFT creation for product tracking, and NFT transferability. This approach not only offers a secure method of tracking the journey of organic products but also addresses key concerns in traceability and ethical sourcing, thereby contributing to the sector’s overall sustainability and trustworthiness.

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Leveraging Encrypted NFTs and Smart Contracts on the Blockchain for Enhanced Transparency in Organic Product Supply Chains

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • L. K. Bang,
  • P. H. T. Trung,
  • N. D. P. Trong,
  • K. T. N. Ngan

摘要

This paper presents a blockchain-based framework designed to address the critical challenges of transparency, ethical sourcing, and sustainability within the organic products supply chain. By integrating smart contracts, encrypted Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), and the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), our system aims to enhance data integrity and provide comprehensive traceability from the point of origin to the end consumer. We evaluated the application of six encryption algorithms—RSA, RC4, DES, ChaCha20, Blowfish, and AES—to identify the most suitable option for balancing security with operational efficiency. Our analysis extended to assessing the system’s adaptability and performance across four EVM-compatible blockchain platforms: Binance Smart Chain, Polygon, Fantom, and Celo, focusing on essential supply chain activities such as data recording, NFT creation for product tracking, and NFT transferability. This approach not only offers a secure method of tracking the journey of organic products but also addresses key concerns in traceability and ethical sourcing, thereby contributing to the sector’s overall sustainability and trustworthiness.