Climate crisis, food shortages, epidemics are taking over the world and these challenges necessitate the search for new solutions to make resources sustainable. The fact that consumption is higher than production brings with it problems related to agriculture, especially food production and food security. Bioeconomy, which covers a wide range of multidisciplinary fields, is a new concept that produces and sustains biological resources (agriculture, food, forestry, fisheries, other bio-based industries). In this respect, bioeconomy is considered as an efficient method for sustainable production in agriculture. This study aims to examine the framework of the term “bioeconomy” and evaluate these practices in agriculture in terms of sustainability. Accordingly, the concept of bioeconomy is defined and its importance is emphasized. In the next section, the concept of agriculture bioeconomy will be defined and its importance will be emphasized, and then the concepts of agriculture, development and rural development will be defined. In the second part, information about the relationship between bioeconomy, sustainable rural development and agriculture will be given. In the third section, sustainability will be defined, the relationship between green consumption, green friendly products and sustainability will be revealed and the issue of sustainability and sustainable consumption in terms of bioeconomy will be discussed. The study will be finalized with the conclusion and recommendations.