In today's economy, global supply chains are of extreme importance, and they have also fallen prey to numerous challenges such as inefficiencies, security issues, lack of transparency, etc. Even though such challenges can be effectively resolved with the help of blockchain technology, this requires improving transparency and hence trust among all interested parties. Thus, this systematic literature review will focus on how blockchain can fuel supply chain transparency and trust. All the 40 articles studied for the purpose of this work are peer-reviewed articles in addition to reports from the industry; this work thus makes a complete examination of the enfranchisements, implementations, and obstructions of blockchain technology. The findings indicate that blockchain facilitates real-time tracking, provides immutable data records, and incorporates smart contracts—all contributing factors to increased levels of transparency and trust. Nevertheless, obstacles such as scalability issues, exorbitant implementation costs, and regulatory compliance must be navigated carefully. The review concludes with practical suggestions for future research directions as well as strategies for effective implementation.