Mechanical ventilation is a vital intervention required in the intensive care unit which can develop by nosocomial pneumonitis. The objective of this study is to establish the epidemiological and bacteriological profile of these infections, then to study the antibiotic resistance of the germs encountered and to identify the main associated factors. The present study was carried out over 03 months from February 01 to April 30, 2022 at the level of resuscitation of surgical emergencies at the Ibn Sina Rabat university hospital center. This is a descriptive and analytical prospective study. The data collection was carried out by filling out an operating form, 79 patients included with an average length of stay of 13 days and 1024 days of hospitalisations, a proportion of 78.48% of men, with an M/W sex ratio of 3.64. 32 protected distal samples including (18 positive to a germ, 05 positive to 02 germs, 09 negative) with a site-specific incidence of 29.11% and 22.46/1000 days of hospitalizations.09 isolated bacterial species which are distributed as follows 28.6% staphylococcus aureus, 21.40% Klebsiella pneumonia, 14.30% pseudomonas aeruginosa, 10.70% coagulase-negative staphylococcus, 7.14% for Acinetobacter baumani and Serratia marcesecens, 3.57% Esherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Patients without a history have a 93% probability of not being infected on an endotracheal device, patients not infected on a device have an 82% risk of mortality. An effective fight against these infections requires strict compliance and strengthening of standard preventive precautions and hospital hygiene by the healthcare team, as well as continuous epidemiological surveillance.