This chapter explores how small Czech municipalities coped with the rapid influx of Ukrainian refugees following Russia’s 2022 invasion. Drawing on qualitative interviews, it categorises municipal responses by prior migration experience, local capacity, and engagement with stakeholders. Challenges included housing, education, and communication, compounded by limited state coordination. Yet municipalities mobilised local networks and informal support effectively. The findings highlight both the strengths and vulnerabilities of highly decentralised systems in managing humanitarian crises and underline the need for improved intergovernmental collaboration and preparedness at the local level.