This chapter explores the evolution of municipal structures across Europe, focusing on post–Second World War amalgamation trends and their implications. It analyses the interplay between municipal size and citizen trust, and offers comparative case studies of amalgamation in Denmark, Finland, Greece and Saxony. The chapter critically evaluates policy outcomes, including efficiency gains and democratic deficits, and highlights how historical and institutional contexts shape territorial reforms. It warns against simplistic comparisons and emphasises the need to consider both administrative efficiency and local democratic engagement when assessing amalgamation outcomes.