This chapter, “From Anthropocene to Capitalocene,” critically reexamines the dominant frameworks through which we interpret global ecological crises. Rather than accepting the Anthropocene’s premise that all humans share equal responsibility for environmental degradation, this chapter foregrounds the Capitalocene—a paradigm that situates capitalism, colonialism, and their historical legacies as the primary drivers of planetary distress. Drawing on theorists such as Jason W. Moore, Andreas Malm, and Timothy Morton, the analysis moves beyond universalized guilt to unravel how fossil capitalism, imperial expansion, and structural inequalities shape both climate vulnerability and the distribution of ecological harm. Interdisciplinary in scope, the chapter leverages literary works by Richard Powers, Jesmyn Ward, Arundhati Roy, and others to reveal how fiction can both critique the commodification of nature and imagine alternatives to capitalist logic. Through close readings of speculative fiction, eco-critical satire, and dark comedy, the chapter demonstrates how literary narratives expose systemic injustice and illuminate possibilities for communal resistance and sustainability. It also interrogates the pitfalls of greenwashing and individualized environmentalism, arguing that real transformation demands collective action and systemic reform. Ultimately, this chapter insists that confronting the challenges of the Capitalocene means reclaiming history, rethinking agency, and cultivating ecologically just futures rooted in structural analysis rather than surface-level solutions.