In order to prevent pests, pesticides have been employed extensively in both industrial and agricultural operations. Thus, managing food safety greatly depends on the ability to detect pesticides with a high degree of selectivity and sensitivity. The limitations of conventional detection techniques are currently addressed by variety of field deployable pesticide sensors, like: electrochemical sensors (ES), biosensors, optical sensors, and microfluidic sensors, which have enormous promise for affordable, effective, and low detection limits using cleverly compacted devices. Public health evaluations are made much more difficult by the fact that most diseases have multiple causes and that nobody in the human population is totally immune to pesticide exposure. To lessen the effects of pesticides, it is therefore desirable to create eco-friendly pesticide substitutes and Integrated Pest Management strategies. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to provide an extensive overview of pesticides, including their forms, distribution in the environment, exposure pathways, and effects on health.