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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Hypothyroidism is a prevalent endocrine disorder globally, with the prevalence of overt hypothyroidism ranging from 0.2% to 5.3% in Europe and from 0.3% to 3.7% in the United States. The incidence of metabolic syndrome frequently overlaps with that of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), affecting approximately 85% of individuals with T2DM and thereby significantly increasing their cardiovascular risk. Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that treatment of subclinical thyroid dysfunction can improve cardiovascular risk profiles, supporting the importance of thyroid screening and management in individuals at risk for CVD.

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Thyroid Dysfunction, Metabolic Syndrome, and Cardiovascular Risk

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Stefano Massarini,
  • Livio Luzi

摘要

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Hypothyroidism is a prevalent endocrine disorder globally, with the prevalence of overt hypothyroidism ranging from 0.2% to 5.3% in Europe and from 0.3% to 3.7% in the United States. The incidence of metabolic syndrome frequently overlaps with that of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), affecting approximately 85% of individuals with T2DM and thereby significantly increasing their cardiovascular risk. Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that treatment of subclinical thyroid dysfunction can improve cardiovascular risk profiles, supporting the importance of thyroid screening and management in individuals at risk for CVD.