From Amplification to Infrastructural Shifts: The Transformative Power of Conspiracy Theories, Scandals, and Digital Platforms
摘要
This chapter examines the complex interplay between conspiracy theories, scandals, and platform dynamics. In doing so, it conceptualizes conspiracy theories and scandals as both catalysts and consequences of societal upheavals and explores how these two phenomena and the digital environments in which they are predominantly negotiated today mutually influence each other. Hence, it will first discuss how platforms shape the emergence, construction, and dissemination of conspiracy theories and scandals by enhancing their visibility and accessibility, accelerating their dissemination and amplification, and enabling collaboration and personalization. Second, it will examine how conspiracy theories and scandals generate public and political pressure that can lead to changes in platform operations and policies. These infrastructural turning points will be further discussed at two levels: at the level of platforms as microsystems, where extremist actors migrate to alternative platforms in response to deplatforming efforts by Big Tech companies, and at the level of the broader platform ecosystem, where alternative platforms develop their own infrastructures in response to deplatformization and their marginalization within the platform landscape. The chapter concludes with a critical interrogation of how these dynamics lead to a normalization of conspiracy theorizing and scandalization in the digital age.