This chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of biofuels as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, emphasizing their production, properties, and applications in transportation. Bioethanol is a liquid fuel with less energy than gasoline. Biodiesel burns cleaner than diesel. Biogas is a gas with less energy than natural gas and releases fewer carbon emissions. Bio-butanol has more energy than bioethanol and burns cleaner than gasoline. All of these biofuels are renewable, biodegradable, and better for the environment. Various generations of biofuels like first-generation biofuels face challenges related to food supply competition, while second-generation options utilize non-food biomass to address these concerns. The rise of third- and fourth-generation biofuels, particularly those derived from algae, showcases significant potential due to their efficiency and minimal competition with food production. The chapter also examines key properties of major biofuels, including energy density, combustion characteristics, and environmental impacts, which are crucial for determining their suitability for existing engines and infrastructure. Despite challenges such as feedstock availability and economic viability, sustainable production practices are highlighted as essential. Ultimately, biofuels are positioned as a critical component in the transition to a sustainable energy future, with the potential to enhance energy security and mitigate climate change.