Although the land transportation sector (road and rail) is built to withstand typical climatic conditions, the impacts of evolving climate change in the short, medium and long term pose challenges to its efficiency and the resilience of the infrastructure against extreme events beyond normal. Ensuring reliability under normal conditions is not enough; infrastructure must also minimize failures and damage during exceptional weather conditions. This requires the implementation of adaptation measures that encompass political, educational and social aspects (soft adaptation) alongside structural changes (hard adaptation). These efforts must align with current and future risk reduction practices, increasing transportation resilience and mitigating extreme weather impacts. In addition, adaptation strategies must be in synergy with mitigation efforts to avoid substantial increases in greenhouse gas emissions. A climate change adaptation plan is essential, guiding resilient development across all sectors and themes to manage climate risks. This chapter sets out guidelines for an Adaptation Plan specific to the land transport sector, covering governance, education, finance, risk assessment, adaptation measures and measurement methods. These guidelines empower decision-makers and stakeholders to devise robust responses, strengthening the resilience of road and rail infrastructure to current and future climate challenges.