This book explores diverse aspects of transportation, from pavement design and port cargo handling to decarbonization strategies and the integration of artificial intelligence. It covers advancements in mobile ropeways, intelligent transportation systems, and sustainable freight mobility. Key topics include the history and challenges of concrete pavements in Brazil, enhancing port efficiency in India, and Nigeria's transport decarbonization efforts. The book also delves into alternative fuels like hydrogen, biofuels, and bioaromatics, their production, and their role in reducing emissions, with dedicated chapters on Alcohol Fuelled Engines for the Transport Sector and Biofuels: Production, Properties, and Applications in Transportation. Further discussions involve the design of airmobile rope units, HEMM gearbox life extension, and railway supply chain optimization through Industry 4.0, emphasizing the urgent need for a resilient and sustainable transportation sector.