This chapter explains why the complex characteristics of horticultureHorticulture must be addressed in enhancing social welfare and warrant international communicationCommunication. If the agriculture-welfare partnership is to prioritize the aesthetic valueAesthetic value of horticultureHorticulture, the relevant authorities must undergo significant transformation. This necessity arises from the widespread belief that paid work is inherently painful, which may partially explain the vilificationVilification of beneficiaries. An attempt at counterargument leads to discussions on Marx’s theory of alienation and primitive accumulationPrimitive accumulation, as well as Okamura’s proposal for mutual aidMutual aid. In this context, the concept of “employment refusal support“Employment refusal support”” is introduced as an alternative to simply creating employment opportunitiesEmployment opportunities. Next, a literature review outlines the current achievements in research on care/social farmingCare/social farming and therapeutic horticultureHorticulture. Influenced by occupational therapyOccupational therapy traditions, research has highlighted the “meaningfulnessMeaningfulness” of horticultural activities. A philosophical approachPhilosophical approach to gardeningGardening offers a broader perspective on care/social farmingCare/social farming. Some social workSocial work theories fill the gap between the present volume and existing literature, suggesting they share the critical perspective of traditional social workSocial work alongside social/care farming practitioners. The concluding section revisits the concept of “meaningfulnessMeaningfulness,” arguing that it only becomes evident when contrasted with “meaninglessnessMeaninglessness.” The following discussion challenges the mainstream view of work and care.