Diversity of Aquatic Hyphomycetes as Root Endophytes Hosted Pteridophytic Plants
摘要
This chapter explores the diversity and ecological significance of aquatic hyphomycetes as root endophytes in Pteridophytic plants. Aquatic hyphomycetes, initially described by Ingold in 1942, are polyphyletic fungi known for their role in decomposing organic matter in freshwater ecosystems. Recent studies reveal their endophytic presence in plant roots, particularly in riparian and aquatic environments, where they form symbiotic relationships without causing harm to the host. The chapter highlights the dual ecological roles of these fungi, functioning both as decomposers in aquatic systems and as endophytes in terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants. Their distribution spans diverse habitats, with notable diversity in the Western Ghats and Himalayan regions of India. Pteridophytes, ancient vascular plants, serve as key hosts for these fungi, with their roots providing a stable niche for colonization. The interaction between aquatic hyphomycetes and Pteridophytic plants is examined, emphasizing the potential of these fungi to produce bioactive compounds with applications in medicine and agriculture. Key findings include the identification of endophytic aquatic hyphomycetes in various fern species, their adaptation to different environmental conditions, and their contributions to plant health and nutrient cycling. The chapter also discusses the biotechnological potential of these fungi, underscoring the need for further research to uncover their full ecological and pharmacological value. This comprehensive review bridges gaps in understanding fungal-plant symbioses and advocates for the conservation of Pteridophytic habitats to preserve these unique microbial communities.