This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the development of astrobiology and planetary sciences in Brazil, tracing its historical roots, key researchers, and institutional milestones. It highlights pioneering contributions in prebiotic chemistry, microbial ecology, planetary astronomy, and the simulation of extraterrestrial environments. The chapter presents landmark initiatives such as the foundation of AstroLab, the establishment of the Núcleo de Pesquisa em Astrobiologia (NAP-Astrobio), and the creation of the Sociedade Brasileira de Astrobiologia (SBAstrobio). Emphasis is placed on the interdisciplinary nature of astrobiology in Brazil, encompassing collaborations among physicists, chemists, biologists, geologists, and astronomers. Education and outreach programs, particularly the development of undergraduate and graduate courses, workshops, and public engagement, are also explored. Despite financial and political challenges, Brazilian astrobiology has grown into a vibrant and collaborative field, contributing significantly to international efforts in the search for life beyond Earth.