This chapter examines the impact of social determinants of health (SDOH) on healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This highlights how factors such as socioeconomic position, education, living conditions, and access to healthcare significantly influence infection risks and the spread of AMR. This chapter illustrates how poverty, inadequate sanitation, overcrowding, and low health literacy contribute to increased vulnerability to infection and the misuse of antibiotics. It also explores how gender and discrimination exacerbate these problems. There is further discussion on the substantial socioeconomic costs of infections and AMR, including direct healthcare expenses, lost productivity, and strain on healthcare systems. Finally, this chapter advocates for health systems to address the SDOH by developing effective public health interventions and achieving health equity, tackling both individual behaviours and broader societal factors.